欢迎来到柬埔寨欢度新年

发布时间:2023-04-13 11:20
来源:柬埔寨旅游部

4月14日至16日是柬埔寨的新年,柬新年是柬埔寨最热闹、最隆重的传统节日,因为柬埔寨是全国以小乘佛教为信仰的国家。因此,按照佛历(5月13日)释迦牟尼诞辰日为一年之始,即公历的4月14日至16日。

April 14th to 16th is Khmer New Year, which is the busiest and most solemn traditional festival in Cambodia, as Cambodia is a country with a belief in Theravada Buddhism. Therefore, according to the Buddhist calendar (May 13th), the birthday of Shakyamuni is the beginning of the year, which is from April 14th to 16th in the Gregorian calendar.

柬埔寨新年又称为“宋干”节,“宋干”(Sankranta)一词为梵语,意思是运行,即地球围绕太阳公转一圈,岁序更新、一元复始。按照柬埔寨的传统习俗,当仙女下凡时起,柬埔寨的新年才正式开始。

The Cambodian New Year is also known as the Sankranta Festival, and the term "Sankranta" is Sanskrit, meaning that the Earth moves around the sun once, with a renewed chronological order and a new beginning. According to traditional Cambodian customs, the Khmer New Year officially begins when a fairy descends.

传统习俗的由来 

The Origin of Traditional Customs

“宋干”节来自古印度,是婆罗门教的祭奠仪式。相传创造世界万物的“大梵天”,即中国人所说的“四面佛”。

Sankranta Festival comes from ancient India and is a memorial ceremony of Brahmanism. Legend has it that the "Great Brahman" who created all things in the world, also known as the "Four sided Buddha" by the Chinese people.

相传有一位青年才俊通晓天地万物,还精通鸟语。

Legend has it that there was a young man who was talented and proficient in all things in heaven and earth, as well as the singing of birds.

大梵天不相信凡人能够如此聪明,有意与其斗智,便降落到凡间和这位青年打赌,他向青年提问“人类早、午、晚的运气分别在身体哪些部位?”,要求青年7日后回复,而赌输者须割下首级。

The Great Brahman did not believe that mortals could be so intelligent. He intended to compete with them and landed in the mortal world to bet with this young man. He asked the young man, "What parts of the body do humans have in morning, noon, and evening?" He asked the young man to reply in 7 days, and the loser of the bet had to cut off his head. 

青年坐在两颗棕糖树下冥思苦想,偶然间从树上两只老鹰的对话中得知答案。

The young man sat under two sugar palm trees pondering, and accidentally learned the answer from the conversation between two eagles on the tree.

青年向梵天回答:人们在早晨洗脸、中午清洗胸膛、晚上洗脚,以祈福求好运,因此人类的早、午、晚的运气分别在脸、胸膛和脚上。

The young man replied to Brahman: People wash their faces in the morning, their chests in the noon, and their feet in the evening to pray for good luck. Therefore, human luck in the morning, noon, and evening lies in their faces, chests, and feet.

不幸的是大梵天输了,于是他把自己的首级割了下来。但是,大梵天被割下的首级会给世界带来灾难,留在人间会起火、扔向空中会引发暴雨、丢至海里必致海水枯竭。

Unfortunately, Brahman lost, so he cut off his head. However, the severed head of Brahma will bring disaster to the world. If it is left on earth, it will catch fire. If it is thrown into the air, it will cause rainstorm. If it is thrown into the sea, it will lead to the depletion of the sea.

因此,“大梵天”的七个女儿将“大梵天”的首级放在山洞中供奉,并由七个女儿轮流将首级带回天界,每个女儿轮流带回首级的这一天即为柬埔寨佛历新年的开始,这就是柬埔寨每年迎接新年仙女的由来。

Therefore, the seven daughters of the Great Brahman placed the head of the Great Brahman in a cave to worship, and the seven daughters took turns bringing the head back to the heavenly realm. The day on which each daughter took turns bringing back the head is the beginning of the Khmer Buddhist New Year, which is the origin of Cambodia's annual welcome of the New Year fairy.

柬新年习俗

Khmer New Year Customs

“守岁”又称“宋干节”(Sangkran),是柬埔寨佛历新年的开始。因此,人们会在这一天,迎接仙女的到来。

Sangkran is the beginning of the Khmer Buddhist New Year. Therefore, people will welcome the arrival of the fairy on this day.

按照柬埔寨习俗,在新年仙女下凡之时,家家户户会提前在家中支起供桌,放上水果、香烛、糕点、茉莉花等祭品,然后点燃香烛、敲锣打鼓,迎接仙女下凡,祈愿来年阖家平安。

According to Cambodian customs, when the fairy falls to earth in the New Year, every household will set up a sacrificial table at home in advance, place fruits, incense candles, pastries, jasmine flowers and other offerings, and then light incense candles, beat gongs and drums to welcome the fairy to earth, praying for the safety of the whole family in the coming year.

“辞岁”也称“万纳巴特日”(Vearek Vanabat),每到辞岁,最热闹的地方就是佛寺,民众会带着香烛和斋饭前往佛寺听僧侣诵经、布施斋饭纳福,并给佛像施沐浴礼。

The day of 'farewell', also known as' Vearek Vanabat '. Temples are the busiest place to bid farewell. The people bring incense candles and fast food to the Buddhist temple to listen to monks reciting scriptures, offering fast food and blessings, and giving bath ceremonies to Buddha statues.

柬埔寨人民还会在寺庙彩棚下堆沙山,有的人还会将零钱放在沙山上,积攒功德。

Cambodian people will also pile sand mountains under the colored tents of temples, and some people will put change on the sand mountains to accumulate merit and virtue.

除此之外,人们还会在佛寺中载歌载舞,开展各类民间游戏,如拔河、老鹰捉小鸡、捡树枝等游戏来庆祝柬新年。

In addition, people will also sing and dance in Buddhist temples, and carry out various folk games such as tug of war, eagle catching chicks, and picking branches to celebrate the Khmer New Year.

“新岁”便是柬新年的最后一天,被称为“朗萨日”(Vearek Lang Sak)。在这一天人们会用香水清洗佛像,祈求佛祖保佑国泰民安。孩子们还会为父母清洗,父母向孩子泼水,为彼此送上新年祝福和祈祷。

The "New Year" is the last day of Khmer New Year, known as "Vearek Lang Sak". On this day, people will wash the Buddha statue with perfume and pray to Buddha to bless the country and people. Children also clean their parents, and parents splash water on their children to send New Year blessings and prayers to each other.


一审:张艳兰

二审:庞博

三审:唐彩红